Access and Equity to Education in India through Synergy of Conventional
and ODL Systems: A Step towards Democratization of Education
- Purnendu TRIPATHI, Siran MUKERJI
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Purnendu TRIPATHI, Siran MUKERJI |
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Abstract
India has witnessed tremendous
development in educating and training its vast
human resource of over one billion through
sustained effort of conventional and distance mode
of education. In pursuit of making Right to
Education a reality, the Government has been
initiating efforts for developing the educational
infrastructure and training human capital.
Consequently, the Country with a literacy rate of
64.84%, has 767520, 274731 and 152049 schools
along with 12 open schools at primary, middle and
secondary/ higher secondary levels catering to
130.8, 51.2 and 37.1 million students respectively.
At higher education level, 13578 colleges and 407
universities along with 106 distance education
institutions address needs of 11.7 million students.
These institutions of learning, in true sense
have been instrumental in educating the vast human
resource of over one billion but democratization of
education i.e. access and equity to education is still
a dream to be realized. This paper endeavours to
explore the achievements so far and identify the
challenges and constraints that have prevented the
country to achieve the goal of universalisation of
education and high level of literacy.
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Keywords
universalisation, access, equity, democratization of education
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Brics and clicks - Mary Bold, Lillian Chenoweth, Nirisha K.Garimella
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Mary Bold, Lillian Chenoweth, Nirisha K.Garimella |
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Abstract
Projections for the global economy frequently center on the BRIC countries: Brazil, Russia, India, and
China. As futurists and economists alike define and re-define both formal and informal coalitions (for
example, by broadening the R in BRIC to include all Eastern European economies or instead re-directing
the discussion to G-8 countries or to World Trade Organization members), the education profiles of the
individual nations sometimes resemble economic indicators: what is imported, what is exported, and what
is the potential for expansion. Higher education, and specifically distance learning (the Clicks element of
this paper), can already be charted in these terms for some nations. This paper describes the current role
of distance learning in countries described as growing economies and proposes a typology for describing
change as additional data become available. The paper informs readers of global developments in distance
education, using the BRIC nations as examples.
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Keywords
cross-border education, globalization, BRIC, GATS, internationalization, distance learning, access, right to education
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Distance Education in Rural China achieves Inter-School
Collaboration and Increased Access to Education
- Xiaoying FENG, Weiyuan ZHANG, Li CHEN
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Xiaoying FENG, Weiyuan ZHANG, Li CHEN |
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Abstract
This Paper reports the use of forty-five learning scaffold strategies in a network of thirty-six schools across China.
The collaborative network helps to provide access to school-children in rural regions by linking them together with school
children in developed cities. The teachers involved asserted that the templates and scaffold strategies were effective for learning.
The conclusions found that scaffolds should be used throughout the courses to promote collaborative learning among school children.
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Keywords
Schools, Collaboration, Rural regions, Development, Access, China
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Open Educational Resources: Enabling universal education - Tom Caswell, Shelley Henson, Marion Jensen, David Wiley
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Tom Caswell, Shelley Henson, Marion Jensen, David Wiley |
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Abstract
The role of distance education is shifting. Traditionally distance education was limited in the number of people served because of production, reproduction, and distribution costs. Today, while it still costs the university time and money to produce a course, technology has made it such that reproduction costs are almost non-existent. This shift has significant implications, and allows distance educators to play an important role in the fulfillment of the promise of the right to universal education. At little or no cost, universities can make their content available to millions. This content has the potential to substantially improve the quality of life of learners around the world. New distance education technologies, such as OpenCourseWares, act as enablers to achieving the universal right to education. These technologies, and the associated changes in the cost of providing access to education, change distance education's role from one of classroom alternative to one of social transformer.
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Keywords
OpenCourseWare, distance education, access, new technologies
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Development of equal opportunities to education using ICT in China : Overview of the nationwide project 'Modern Distance Education for Schools in the Rural Areas of China' - Li CHEN and Meiling CHEN
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Li CHEN and Meiling CHEN |
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Abstract
This Paper reports on the largest project in the world, which aims to reduce the gap in education quality between the urban areas and the rural areas in China - by sharing digital resources through ICT. This Paper gives an overview together with discussion of the challenges and some suggestions. The Paper shares some valuable information on how distance education can be used to enhance educational access and equity at low cost in developing countries.
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Keywords
Large-scale, Access, Equity, Challenges, Suggestions
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The Right to Education : A model for making higher education equally accessible to all on the basis of merit - Sir John DANIEL, Asha KANWAR and Stamenka UVALIĆ-TRUMBIĆ
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Sir John DANIEL, Asha KANWAR and Stamenka UVALIĆ-TRUMBIĆ |
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Abstract
This Paper reviews past models used for higher education, and with the current technology recommends a new model based on individualization of courses and utilizing global open educational resources - to provide access to all, as well as providing accredited quality, and at low cost. The proposed model centres on examinations and allows students to choose different ways of preparing for them.
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Keywords
Model, Quality, Access, Low cost, Global open resources, Individualization
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Extending Open Distance Learning into Rural North-Eastern India - Sunil KUMAR, Neelam CHAUDHARY and Girija SHANKAR
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Sunil KUMAR, Neelam CHAUDHARY and Girija SHANKAR |
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Abstract
This paper describes the experiences of Indira Gandhi National Open University in extending its services into the North East Region of India. This region is considerably isolated with great challenges including continuous insurgencies. Solutions include using local languages, at least one full-time national employee at each study centre, and provide education to the national army there with shared access for the local people.
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Keywords
Least-developed region, Solutions, Local languages, Trust, Access
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